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Nicholas Spencer
Col. Nicholas Spencer (1633–1689) was a London merchant who emigrated to Westmoreland County, Virginia, where he became a planter and which he represented in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Spencer later served as Secretary 〔(List of the Colonial Secretaries, The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 3, January 1902, pp. 167–175, Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, JSTOR )〕 and President of the Council of the Virginia Colony, and on the departure of his cousin Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper in 1683, was named Acting Governor (1683–84), in which capacity Spencer served until the arrival of Governor Lord Howard of Effingham.〔Although Col. Spencer stepped down as acting Governor on Effingham's arrival, he continued to serve as Secretary of the Virginia Colony until at least 1689 and perhaps later.()〕 Spencer's role as agent for the Culpeppers helped him and his friend Lt. Col. John Washington, ancestor of George Washington, secure the patent for their joint land grant of the Mount Vernon estate.
==Early life in England and arrival in Virginia Colony==
Nicholas Spencer was born to an aristocratic English family long seated at Cople, Bedfordshire, England.〔Archival sources record correspondence between Col. Nicholas Spencer of Nomini, Westmoreland County, Virginia, and Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, an English nobleman born in Paris in 1641, and the son of Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland, born at Althorp, Northamptonshire, in 1620. Col. Spencer of Virginia and the 2nd Earl of Sunderland were related.()〕 The family was related to the Spencer family of Northamptonshire, with whom they shared a coat of arms.〔(''The Visitations of Bedfordshire: Annis Domini 1566, 1582, and 1634'' ), by William Harvey, Robert Cooke, George Owen, The Harleian Society, London, 1864〕〔(''The Visitations of Bedfordshire'' ), William Harvey, Robert Cooke, College of Arms, 1884〕〔A branch of this Spencer family of Northamptonshire lived at Althorp, a Spencer family home built atop the old (and now lost) village of Althorp. The descendants of John Spencer, who became the country's wealthiest man due to his ownership of tremendous flocks of sheep, built Althorp, a large estate located five miles (8 km) from Northampton, the large market town that was the traditional home of the Northamptonshire Spencers. The owner of Althorp today is Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer.〕 In 1531 the Spencers bought the manor of Rowlands at Cople,〔(Rowlands Manor, Bedfordshire County Council: Manors, bedfordshire.gov.uk )〕 which they owned for several centuries.〔(Cople, Manor of Nicholas Spencer, Esq., Bedford Estate (Russell) Archives, The National Archives, nationalarchives.gov.uk )〕 Nicholas Spencer Sr., father of the Virginia emigrant, and his wife, the former Mary Gostwick, second daughter of Sir Edward Gostwick 〔("Gostwicke", The Visitations of Bedfordshire, William Harvey, Robert Cooke, George Owen, Richard Saint-George, College of Arms, London, 1884 )〕 had several sons, of these William inherited the family estates but died childless after making his heir his nephew, also William, son of his next-brother Nicholas who had moved to Virginia.〔(''The House of Commons, 1690-1715'', Vol. I, David Hayton, Eveline Cruickshanks, Stuart Handley, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002 )〕 Another brother, Robert Spencer later removed from Surry County, Virginia, to Talbot County, Maryland, where his descendants long lived at Spencer Hall, the family plantation.〔(''Thomas Family of Talbot County, Maryland, and Allied Families'', Richard Henry Spencer, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1914 )〕〔There is some evidence that Robert Spencer, Nicholas' brother, left Virginia and lived for a time in Barbados, before finally settling on Spencer Creek in Talbot County, Maryland, where he died prior to 1688.()〕
Nicholas Spencer moved from London to Westmoreland County, Virginia, in the 1650s, where he served as agent for his cousin John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper.〔(''George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America'', Robert F. Dalzell, Robert F. Dalzell, Jr., Lee Baldwin Dalzell, Oxford University Press, 2000 )〕 Colepeper had inherited his father's share of ownership in the Virginia Company in 1617, and was subsequently knighted and afterwards raised to the peerage. He became the one-seventh proprietor of the Northern Neck of Virginia under the charter of 1649. Colepeper never lived in the colonies, and his son Thomas Culpeper, 2nd Baron Culpeper of Thoresway, who lived at Leeds Castle, did not arrive in Virginia until 1680. In the meantime Nicholas Spencer had come to Virginia to help oversee his cousin John's investment.
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